Table of Contents/Brief Introduction

Chapter	Contents in brief
I	discusses relationship between Ainu and Japanese languages.
II	presents 7 Ainu words to see relationship with Austronesian (AN) languages.
III	describes his approach to the Ainu - AN relationship problems.
IV	talks about Ainu in Kamchatska peninsula.
V	reviews Ainu words collected in Shumshu (si-mosir) island (northern-most one among [now] Kuril islands, or Chishima Islands) by Dybowski during 1879 and 1883.
VI	discusses that Cape "Lopatoka" is a translation of Ainu word into Russian word, both meaning "a shoulder bone". The shape of the cape is like a shoulder bone.
VII	covers three topics about Ainu and Japanese languages, including tungsic numerals.
VIII	includes his writings (hand-out) in English.

Study into Ainu dialects would give an answer to such a question that whether Ainu language propagated down southward or up northward; whehter Ainu lived only in Hokkaido in ancient days or also in northern Honshu island, or even covered all of Japan archpelago.

He claims this is the first event to introduce Dybowski's information to Japanese academism. The Polish released the information 77 years before (of 1992), left unknown till this recent.

In this chapter, Ainu's yukar (practical meaning being "story") as collected by M. CHIRI is quoted.

Kamuy Nupri (God of Mountain) flew to Kunasiri from eastern Hokkaido, then to Etorov. Rain (there) is considered the tear of the Kamuy to flow remembering his old town (in Hokkaido).

Certain edible plant in the eastern tip of Hokkaido was the food of the Kamuy Nupuri who dropped it while flying (from Hokkaido) to Kunasiri.

At this juncture, place names would better be mentioned. From Kamchatska peninsula, down southward; Kuril Region, Lake Kuril, Cape Lopatka; Shumshu (si mosir) Island (the first island), Poromushir (poro mosir) Island (the second island), Onne Kotan (island)........... Urup Island, Etorov Island, Kunasir Island, Si-kotan Island; then Hokkaido.

According to Murayama, "Kamchatska Geography" (1755 Petersburg) by Krasheninnikov (1711-1755) describes that there is almost no difference in language spoken in Kunasiri from in the second island, Poromushir. The statement was made by a Poromushir Ainu, Lipaga, in 1739. This would give us an understanding that the language of all the Kuril islands was more or less the same. The language is considered to belong to Ainu's Hokkaido Northern dialect.

Next table shows river names found in Shumshu Island. Murayama has already transcribed from Russian text to Roman alphabet. I have further modified for possibly a little more common way of writing. (My changes are x to kh and c^ to ch. Other ^ marks on "s" are also omitted.)

While remarks in above talbe are my own, Murayama points out that the four river names ending with "pit" or "bit" are clearly Ainu origin. And, thus, he negates Kreshninkov's statement that people of Shumshu is not true Kuril (Kreshninkow used "Kuril" to mean Ainu) but Kamchadar.

After 140 years of Kreshninkov's visit to this area, Dybowski visit took place during 1878-1822. Then, a Japanese researcher, TORII Ryuzo, collected Shumshu Ainu dialect from ex-Shumshu people moved to Sikotan Island, in 1889.

Murayama closes Chapter V with this statement.

Dialect of Northern Chishima (Kuril) Island is very close to Northern Hokkaido dialect. At the same time, it shares a lot of common words with Sakhalin Ainu dialect. If one thinks of the Okhotsk Sea separating the two regions, he/she should not conclude Chishima and Sakhalin dialects influenced each other directly. Rather, a conclusion should be that Northern Hokkaido dialect was the mother to the two dialects.