orig: 2000/08/09

http://ima-pm95.genes.nig.ac.jp/Tango/Tango.acgi$/EastAsian.query?function=form

This URL will give a search form and I said "ainu" for the population box, with all other boxes left blank. Then, a list of records appears. If you click the record id number, given below, you will access to a summary page. In the summary page, there is a "click here" for more details. If you click there, Dr. Matsumoto's brief statement will pop up. Another record id is also given for an additional reference.

http://ima-pm95.genes.nig.ac.jp/Tango/Tango.acgi$/EastAsian.query?function=search&start=76

record_id	Population	Number of Samples	Locus	Reference
34408	Ainu (Hokkaido)	Gamma-Globulin Gm	Matsumoto H et al. (1988)	Characteristics of Mongoloid populations based on the human immunoglobulin allotypes. Anthrop. Anz. 46:119-127
34747	Ainu (Hokkaido)	Gamma-Globulin Gm	Zhao, Lee et al. (1989)	Gm and Km allotypes in 74 Chinese populations: a hypothesis of the origin of the Chinese nation. Hum.Genet. 83:101-110

I quote Dr. Matsumoto's statement at the record id 34408:

Characteristics of Mongoloid populations based on the human immunoglobulin allotypes. Matsumoto H Department of Legal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Japan. Since the discovery of Gm ab3st haplotype which characterizes Mongoloid populations in 1966, the distribution of the genetic markers of immunoglobulins (Gm) among the Mongoloid populations scattered from Southeast Asia through East Asia to South America has been investigated and concluded as follows: 1) Mongoloid populations characterized by the four Gm haplotypes, ag, axg, ab3st and afb1b3 are divided into two groups on the basis of analysis of genetic distances based on the Gm haplotype frequencies: one is a southern group characterized by a remarkably high frequency of Gm afb1b3 and a low frequency of Gm ag and the other is a northern group characterized by a high frequency of Gm a and an extremely low frequency of Gm afb1b3. 2) Populations in China, mainly Han including minority nationalities, show remarkable heterogeneities from north to south, in sharp contrast to Korean and Japanese populations showing homogeneities, respectively. The center of dispersion of the Gm afb1b3 characterizing southern Mongoloids must exist in Guangxi and Yunnan area in the southwest China. 3) The Gm ab3st gene found in the highest incidence among the north Baikal Buriats flows in all directions. The gene, however, shows precipitous drop which occur from mainland China to Southeast Asia and from North to South-America, although the Gm ab3st gene is still found in high incidences among Eskimos, Yakuts, Tibetans, Olunchuns, Koreans, Japanese and Ainus. On the other hand, the gene is introduced into Huis, Uighurs, Indians, Iranians and far Hungarians. PMID: 3165613, UI: 88308473